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  7. Deposit #USGS10012410

Henderson Molybdenum Mine

Silver Plume, Colorado

39.7691°N 105.8419°W

Mine Overview

The Henderson Molybdenum Mine is near Silver Plume, Colorado. Historically the site has been associated with the Jones Pass-La Plata Mining District which is now part of the Arapaho National Forest. The site was first discovered in 1965 by Amax. The Henderson Molybdenum Mine is a underground mining operation. Initial production took place in 1976 and overall output was considered to be large size. Mine operations consist of underground workings. There is one known shaft. Subsurface depth reaches a maximum of 945 meters (3,100 feet) and extends 80,465 meters (263,993 feet) in length. The ore mined is composed of molybdenite with waste material consisting primarily of pyrite, quartz and hematite. The ore body has an elliptical shape 914 meters (3,000 feet) long, 670 meters (2,200 feet) wide, and 243 meters (800 feet) thick. The mineralization at this location is from the Oligocene epoch 33.90 to 23.03 million years ago. The Southern Rocky Mountains physiographic province of the Rocky Mountain System characterize the geomorphology of the surrounding area.

Site identification and general characteristics. Learn about USGS mines.

  • Molybdenum Primary Commodity
  • Lead, Tin, and Tungsten Secondary Commodity
  • Iron and Zinc Secondary Commodity
  • Site Record Type?
  • Mine Development Status?
  • Climax Molybdenum Mine Type?
  • Underground Operation Type?
  • Block Caving Mining Method?
  • Flotation Milling Method?
  • 1965 Year Discovered?
  • Other Discovery Method?
  • Amax Discovered By?
  • 1976 First Year Of Production?
  • Large Production Size?
  • Significant Significance?
  • Metallic Site Commodity Type?
  • Large Mine Size?

Mine Names

  1. Name? Status?
  2. Henderson Mine Current

Owner Name and Address

Climax Molybdenum Corporation

Type
Owner-Operator

Cyprus-Amax Minerals Company

9100 East Mineral Circle Englewood, Colorado
Type
Owner-Operator
Stake
Majority

Freeport-Mcmoran Copper & Gold Incorporated (Fcx)

333 North Central Avenue Phoenix, Arizona 85004
Type
Owner-Operator
Stake
Majority

Commodities

Additional textual information about a site or mine.

  1. Commodity Type Importance
  2. Molybdenum Metallic Primary
  3. Lead Metallic Secondary
  4. Tin Metallic Secondary
  5. Tungsten Metallic Secondary
  6. Iron Metallic Tertiary
  7. Zinc Metallic Tertiary

Location Info

  1. Continent Country State County
  2. North America The United States Colorado Clear Creek

Notes

3 SHAFTS AND SURFACE FACILITIES ON WEST FORK CLEAR CREEK, 8-1/2 MILES WEST OF EMPIRE (SECTION 19, T 3 S, R 75 W; SECTION 24, T 3 S, R 76 W ). MINE DEVELOPED UNDER RED MOUNTAIN (SECTION 25, T 3 S, R 76 W; SECTION 30, T 3 S, R 75 W ). LAT-LONG IS TOP OF RED MOUNTAIN; INFO FROM LAND. ST : (1978).

Meridian / Township / Range Description

  1. Meridian? Township? Section? Aliquot?
  2. Sixth Principle Meridian T.3N R.76W Sec. 24 SW
  3. Sixth Principle Meridian T.3S R.76W Sec. 24 NE
  4. Sixth Principle Meridian T.3S R.76W Sec. 19 -
  5. Sixth Principle Meridian T.3S R.76W Sec. 25 -
  6. Sixth Principle Meridian T.3S R.76W Sec. 30 -

Land Status

Land status information.

  1. Land Status? Admin Area?
  2. Private -

Mining Districts

Formal or informal mining district names.

  1. District
  2. Jones Pass-La Plata Mining District

Identification

SEE RELATED DEPOSIT URAD DEPOSIT ID 10012413.

Development

DURING THE 1980'S WHEN MOLYBDENUM PRICES FELL DRAMATICALLY, MINE AND MILL EMPLOYEES CUT PRODUCTION COSTS BY MORE THAN 50% AND TRIPLED PRODUCTIVITY BY EMPLOYING HIGHLY MECHANIZED MINE AND MILL EQUIPMENT. A $5 MILLION MODERNIZATION OF THE MILL THROUGH COMPUTERIZATION INCREASED THE LIFE OF THE EQUIPMENT AND LOWERED POWER DEMAND AND ASSOCIATED COSTS. THE COMPANY'S OUTPUT IN 1989 WAS ESTIMATED TO TOTAL 46 MILLION LB. CLIMAX MOLYBDENUM COMPANY CUT PRODUCTION BY 15 PERCENT BEGINNING 1/1/90. IN 1992 THE COMPLEX EMPLOYS ABOUT 500 PEOPLE DOWN FROM THE 2, 000 EMPLOYED DURING PEAK OPERATIONG YEARS, BUT UP FROM A LOW OF 43 WORKERS IN 1983 WHEN THE MINE WAS CLOSED BECAUSE OF AN OVERSUPPLY, EXCESS STOCKPILES, AND LOW PRICES.; INFORMATION SOURCE: 1 PUBLIC LITERATURE; 2 UNPUBLISHED REPORTS.

COPIED FROM DELETED RECORD 0080190055: ORE IS TRANSPORTED FROM THE MINE TO THE MILL BY ELECTRIC TRAIN AND BOTTOM DUMP ORE CARS. THE TRAIN TRAVELS 9. 6 MILES THROUGH TUNNEL AND 4. 8 MILES OF OPEN RAILROAD. TOTAL DISTANCE IS 14. 4 MILES. THE MINSIM FILE SHOWS A MINE OP COST INCREASE. THIS INCREASE IS THE RAILROAD OP COST INCREASE BECAUSE THE R. R. EQUIPMENT WILL NOT BE REINVESTED. THIS PROPERTY REVIEWED BY RC SMITH, 4-87. AT THIS TIME, THERE HAVE BEEN NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO THE MINE AND MILL. PRODUCTION HAS BEEN AT REDUCED CAPACITY FOR THE LAST FEW YEARS THROUGH TEMP SHUTDOWNS AND MODIFIED WORK SCHEDULES.

EDGE OF ORE BODY INTERSECTED IN LAST HOLE OF DEEP DRILLING EXPLORATION PROGRAM AT URAD MINE IN 1964. DEVELOPMENT BEGAN IN 1968; PRODUCTION BEGAN 1976.; HAS PRODUCED A TOTAL OF 100 MILLION TONS OF MOLYBDENUM ORE SINCE OPENING IN 1976. A NEW PRODUCTION LEVEL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AT A COST OF $25 MILLION AND SHOULD PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 15 YEARS OF MINE LIFE. (PETERSON, 1992).

Workings

Workings at the site.

Underground Workings #1

  • Type: Underground
  • Sub Surface Length: 80465 Meters
  • Sub Surface Depth: 944.88 Meters

Workings

PRINCIPAL MINE PRODUCTION ON 8100 (NOW EXHAUSTED) AND 7700 LEVELS; NEW PRODUCTION LEVEL IS 7225. NO. 1 AND NO. 3 SHAFTS (EXHAUST AND VENTILATION) ARE 1585 FEET DEEP, 23 FEET DIAMETER. NO. 2 SHAFT (MEN AND MATERIALS) IS 3100 FEET DEEP AND 28 FEET IN DIAMETER, THE LARGEST SUCH SHAFT IN NORTH AMERICA. LOWERMOST OR HAULAGE LEVEL WAS 9. 6-MILE-LONG UNDERGROUND RAILROAD TUNNEL CONTINUING ONTO 4. 8 MILES OF SURFACE RAILROAD TERMINATING AT ORE PROCESSING PLANT ON EAST BRANCH TRIBUTARY OF WILLIAMS FORK ON WEST SIDE OF CONTINENTAL DIVIDE IN GRAND CO. RAILROAD HAULAGE SYSTEM REPLACED IN 2000 BY CONVEYOR SYSTEM ON THE 7065 LEVEL.

FROM DELETED MAS RECORD 0080190055: MAS DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE #: 1 MINING RECORD #: 1 STATUS OF MINING METHOD: ACTUAL MINING METHOD: BLOCK CAVING 10-79 SWELL FACTOR:. 84 PERCENT WASTE ROCK: 0 PERCENT RECOVERY: 89 HARDNESS OF ROCK: HARDROCK WITH LITTLE WATER ROCK CHARACTERISTICS: MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OF WEAKNESS PLANES ROCK SUPPORT CHARS. : SUPPORTING MAY BACK SLAB MINE SUPPORT CHARS. : CHEMICAL COATING NUMBER OF SHAFTS: 4 LENGTH OF INCLINES (M) : 123 SLOPE OF INCLINES: 8 NUMBER OF INCLINES: 5 AVG. LENGTH OF ADITS (M) : 15460 NUMBER OF ADITS: 1 1ST CONDITION OF WORKINGS: OPEN CAPACITY: 27200 CAPACITY UNITS: MT ORE/DAY UNIT PRODUCTION COST: 5. 93 UNITS OF PRODUCTION: $/MT ORE OPERATING DAYS PER YEAR: 357 OPERATING SHIFTS PER DAY: 3Y EAR OF INFORMATION: 1979.

Concentration Process

Processes that concentrated or enriched the mineralization of the mine.

  1. Concentration Process
  2. Hydrothermal Solutions Rising Thru Hanging Wall Fracture/breccia Zones; Hydrothermal Solutions Rising Thru Major Fault Zones

Economic Factors

COPIED FROM DELETED RECORD 0080190055: AT PRESENT (JULY, 1979) THE MILL RECOVERY IS AVERAGING ABOUT 86 PERCENT WHICH IS WELL BELOW THE EXPECTED 90 PERCENT. AN INCREASED RECOVERY IS EXPECTED WHEN THE FOURTH SEMI-AUTOGENOUS MILL COMES ON LINE. THE AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR THE LIFE OF THE PROPERTY IS 90 PERCENT.

Geology

THE HENDERSON OREBODY IS HOSTED IN OLIGOCENE RHYOLITE PORPHYRY INTRUSIVE ROCKS UNDER RED MOUNTAIN; THE DEPOSIT IS AN UMBRELLA-SHAPED STOCKWORK, ABOUT 3000 FEET BY 2300 FEET IN PLAN, AND 600 TO 1000 FEET IN THICKNESS. THE OREBODY IS COMPOUND, HAVING UPPER, MIDDLE AND LOWER LOBES, WHERE THE HIGHEST GRADE ORE OCCURS WHERE THE LOBES OVERLAP. (WALLACE AND OTHERS, 1978) ORIGINALLY THE DEPOSIT CONTAINED 437 MILLION TONS OF ORE AT AN AVERAGE GRADE OF 0. 38% MOS2 AND A 0. 2% MOS2 GRADE CUTOFF. (SEEDORF AND EINAUDI, 2004).

THE HENDERSON AND URAD STOCKWORK MOLYBDENITE OREBODIES AT RED MOUNTAIN ARE TWO SEPERATE BUT RELATED DEPOSITS. THE URAD OREBODY WAS FORMED FIRST AT A SHALLOW DEPTH, THE HENDERSON FORMED DEEPER WITHIN THE IGNEOUS COMPLEX, AND IS THE LARGER. TOGETHER THEY CONSTITUTE ONE OF THE LARGEST CONCENTRATIONS OF MOLYBDENITE IN THE WORLD. THE URAD AND HENDERSON DEPOSITS AT RED MOUNTAIN ARE RELATED TO A OLIGOCENE MULTI-PHASE RHYOLITIC INTRUSIVE CENTER NAMED THE RED MOUNTAIN COMPLEX THAT INTRUDES THE PRECAMBRIAN SILVER PLUME GRANITE BATHOLITH WITHIN A NORTHEAST TRENDING PRECAMBRIAN SHEAR ZONE, NEAR THE WESTERN EDGE OF THE COLORADO MINERAL BELT. THE INTRUSION OF THE RED MOUNTAIN COMPLEX IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE TWO MAJOR NORTHEAST TRENDING TERTIARY FAULTS, THE BERTHOUD PASS AND THE VASQUEZ PASS. (WALLACE AND OTHERS, 1978).

FROM DELETED RECORD 10190619 (OLD MAS 0080190055 ); MAS MATRIX #: 1 MAS COLUMN #: 1 TYPE OF OREBODY #1: STOCKWORK SHAPE OF OREBODY #1: MASSIVE TYPE OF OREBODY #2: DISSEMINATED SHAPE OF OREBODY #2: TABULAR TYPE OF OREBODY #3: FISSURE VEIN SHAPE OF OREBODY #3: OTHER PRIMARY MODE OF ORIGIN: MAGMATIC DIFFER SECONDARY MODE OF ORIGIN: HYDROTHERMAL PRIMARY ORE CONTROL: IGNEOUS SECONDARY ORE CONTROL: FAULTING DEGREE OF WALLROCK ALTER. : SLIGHT TYPE OF WALLROCK ALTER. #1: POTASSIC TYPE OF WALLROCK ALTER. #2: PROPYLITIC MINIMUM DEPTH TO TOP: 870 AVG. THICK. UNCONSOL. MAT. : 1 MIN. THICK. UNCONSOL. MAT. : 0 DATE OF LAST MODIFICATION: 800319.

AVERAGE DEPTH TO MINERALIZATION IS MEASURED FROM THE TOP OF RED MOUNTAIN. DIMENSIONS OF THE ORE BODY ARE BASED ON A 0. 2 PERCENT MOS2 CUTOFF GRADE.

Materials

Minerals or other materials present in the mine.

  1. Role? Material?
  2. Gangue/Waste Fluorite
  3. Gangue/Waste Galena
  4. Gangue/Waste Hematite
  5. Gangue/Waste Huebnerite
  6. Gangue/Waste Magnetite
  7. Gangue/Waste Pyrite
  8. Gangue/Waste Quartz
  9. Gangue/Waste Rhodochrosite
  10. Gangue/Waste Sericite
  11. Gangue/Waste Sphalerite
  12. Gangue/Waste Topaz
  13. Ore Molybdenite

Orebody

Characteristics of the ore body.

  • Length:
  • Width: 670.56 meters (2,200.00 feet)
  • Top Depth: 1,005.84 meters (3,300.00 feet)
  • Bottom Depth: 1,798.32 meters (5,900.00 feet)
  • Thickness: 243.84 meters (800.00 feet)

Rocks

Geological materials at the site.

  1. Class? 1st Order Name? 2nd Order Name? 3rd Order Name? 4th Order Name? Most Specific Name? Begin Time End Time Description?
  2. Associated Rock Red Mountain Complex-Multi-Phase Intrusive Complex Of High Silica, Alkali-Rich Rhyolite, And Granite Porphyry Volcanic Rock (Aphanitic) Felsic Volcanic Rock Rhyolite Rhyolite - - 7 Units-oldest To Youngest : Tungsten Slide; East Knob; Square Quartz Porphyry; Rhyolite Porphyry Of Radial Dike Swarm; Red Mountain Porphyry; Urad Porphyry; Primos Porphyry; Henderson Granite
  3. Associated Rock Silver Plume Granite Plutonic Rock Granitoid Granite Granite - - -
  4. Host Rock Henderson Granite Plutonic Rock Granitoid Granite Granite Oligocene Oligocene -
  5. Host Rock Primos Porphyry Plutonic Rock Granitoid - Granitoid Oligocene Oligocene -
  6. Host Rock Urad Porphyry Plutonic Rock Granitoid - Granitoid Oligocene Oligocene -
  7. Mineralization - - - - - Oligocene Oligocene -

Structure

Geologic structural features affecting or characterizing the site or mine.

  1. Scale Description
  2. Local Straight Cr-, Vasquez Cr-, Loveland Pass-Berthoud Pass Fault Zones
  3. Regional Front Range Uplift, Silver Plume Batholith, Colorado Mineral Belt

Tectonic

Tectonic setting in which the site or deposit is situated.

  1. Setting?
  2. Front Range, Colorado Mineral Belt

Physiography

Physiographic area where the resource is found.

  1. Division Province? Section
  2. Rocky Mountain System Southern Rocky Mountains -

Alteration

Mineralogical and chemical alteration at or near the site, which may help to indicate the geographic extent of the geological processes producing the mine.

  1. Type? Alterations
  2. Local Argillic Griesen Below Ore Body. Quartz, Quartz-Topaz-Magnetite, Quartz-Sericite-Pyrite, Argillic, And Propylitic Zones Progressively Above Ore Body

Analytical Data

Results of chemical or mineralogical analysis on materials at or near the site

Notes

DESBOROUGH AND MIHALIK (1980) REPORT ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSES OF VARIETY OF ACCESSORY MINERALS CONTAINING MANY HEAVY AND TRACE METALS AND RARE EARTHS-ILMENORUTILE CONTAINING TI NB TA IRON SN TH U MANGANESE Y SC; AESCHYNITE CONTAINING TI NB IRON TA SN U TH MANGANESE Y LA CE PR ND SM EU GD TB DY ER YB TM LU; COLUMBITE CONTAINING TI IRON MANGANESE TA SC SN DY U TH Y; URANIFEROUS THORITE AND MONAZITE, TITANIFEROUS MAGNETITE. ANALYSIS OF THREE SPECIMENS OF COLUMBITE GIVE WT % OF FOLLOWING OXIDES (NA=NOT ANALYZED) : 61. 9, 70. 5 64. 8 % NB2O5; 7. 6, 7. 4, 17. 6 % TIO2; 12. 2, 16. 9, 6. 6 % FEO; 7. 5, 1. 0, LT 0. 1 % MNO; 2. 5, 3. 8, 3. 8 % TA2O5; 3. 0, NA, NA % SC2O3; 0. 8, NA, NA % SNO2; 1. 7, NA, NA % DY2O3; 0. 1, LT 0. 1, 2. 4 % UO2; 0. 1, LT 0. 1, 1. 0 % THO2; LT 0. 1, LT 0. 1, 0. 8 % Y2O3. ANALYSIS OF FOUR AESCHYNITE GRAINS GIVES WT % OF PRINCIPAL HEAVY AND TRACE METALS (ND=NOT DETECTED) : 17. 6, 17. 1, 17. 9, 4. 9 % TIO2; 30. 5, 32. 0, 30. 9, 39. 3 % NB2O5; 1. 8, 2. 2, 1. 5, 13. 8 % FEO; 3. 2, 3. 7, 3. 6, 3. 7 % TA2O5; 0. 3, 0. 2, 0. 3, 1. 0 % SNO2; 13. 2, 12. 8, 15. 8, 5. 1 % THO2; 4. 6, 2. 8, 4. 9, 12. 2 % UO2; ND, ND, 0. 1, 1. 1 % SC2O3; 0. 1, 0. 1, 0. 1, 2. 6 % MNO;.

  1. Line? Analysis Data?
  2. 1 AVG. 0.49 % MOS2
  3. 2 HIGH-GRADE ASSAY G.T. 0.8 % MOS2

Holdings

Mineral rights ownership information.

  1. Type?
  2. Fee Ownership; Patented; Private Lease

Model

Mineral deposit model of the site.

  1. Name? USGS Model Code? BC Model Code? Mark 3 model code?
  2. CLIMAX MOLYBDENUM 16 - -

Ore Control

Controls on emplacement of ore such as faults or other structural features.

  1. Text?
  2. Fractures On Roof And Flanks Of Multiple-Stage Intrusion

Production

Production information

  1. Production Year? Amount Mined? Material? Comment
  2. 1979 8411000 metric tons Ore -
  3. 1980 9369000 metric tons Ore -
  4. 1981 8833000 metric tons Ore -
  5. 1982 3494000 metric tons Ore -

Notes

IN OPERATION SINCE 1976, HENDERSON HAS PRODUCED MORE THAN 160 MILLION TONS OF ORE AND 770 MILLION POUNDS OF MOLYBDENUM DURING THE PAST 27 YEARS. (CLIMAX MOLYBDENUM WEB SITE).

Reference

FROM REFERENCE IN DELETED RECORD 0080190055 (NEWMRDS 10190619) : INFORMATION SOURCE: E. R. D. A. PRINT OUT OF OPEN FILE DATA $400 MILLION IN DEVELOPMENT, JAN 1976 P 92-98.

Reserve-resource

AT THE END OF 2005, RESERVES WERE 150. 7 MILLION TONS AT A GRADE OF 0. 21% MOLYBDENUM. (PHELPS DODGE 2005 ANNUAL REPORT).

FROM DELETED RECORD 0080190055: THE RESERVES ESTIMATE REPRESENTS GEOLOGIC RESERVES MINUS PRODUCTION FROM 1976 THROUGH 1978. THE MINES MAGAZINE, VOL. 57, NO. 10, P. 36, OCT. 1967.

FIRST EST. FROM TERRY FITZSIMONS, AMAX, 1980 PERS. COMM.; SECOND EST. FROM 1980 AMAX ANNUAL REPORT.

FROM DELETED RECORD 0080190055: Q1 MATRIX REPRESENTS GEOLOGIC RESERVES MINUS PRODUCTION FROM 1976 THROUGH 1978. THE P50 LEVEL IS 30 PERCENT HIGHER THAN THE P75 LEVEL AND THE P25 LEVEL IS 30 PERCENT HIGHER THAN THE P50 LEVEL. EVALUATION BASED ON P75 LEVEL. PROPERTY EVALUATION WILL BE RUN ON COL. 4. PROPERTY LIFE = Q1 COL1 ROW2 X RECOVERY / (DAILY CAPACITY X DAYS/YEAR ). THE ABOVE EQUATION APPROXIMATES THE ESTIMATED MINE LIFE 24 YEARS BECAUSE IT REFLECTS THE MINING RESERVE AFTER DILUTION. THE MINING RESERVE GIVEN BY COMPANY PERSONNEL AT THE TIME OF EVALUATION WAS 260, 000, 000 ST AT 0. 39% MOS2. THE DATA BASE RESERVES REFLECT THIS VALUE AFTER THE RECOVERY FACTOR IS APPLIED AND THE FEEDS REFLECT THE DILUTED GRADE. BUT IN ORDER TO CALCULATE A MASS BALANCE O DATA BASE THE LIFE HAD TO BE CHANGED TO 30 YEARS. MOST RECENT RESERVE ESTIMATE AT THE TIME OF THIS REVIEW. SOURCE: AMAX 1985 FORM 10-K, P. 7. RESERVE ESTIMATE AS OF DEC. 31, 1985 AND REPRESENTS DILUTED RECOVERABLE TONNAGE.

FROM DELETED RECORD 0080190055: AMAX 1978 10K, P5. TOTAL MANPOWER 7/11/88 350. ANNUAL MO PRODUCTION EST. 25MLB/Y, OP. COST EST. $1. 71/LB MO. RESERVES PER 10K 12/31/87 200, 490, 000 [email protected] 0. 222MO. RESERVES 1/1/89 195, 047, 000MT O. 222%MO. ADIT 1994 UPDATE: PRODUCTION BASED ON CAPACITY OF MILL: 28, 000 SHTONS/DAY, 365 OP DAYS /YR. 1993 ORE PRODUCED: 4, 080, 000 MTS CONTAINING 10, 900 MT MO. 1994 RESERVES FROM CYPRUS-AMAX SECTION FORM 10-K REPORT, 12/31/93, P. 7.

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Footnotes

* Mine bounds on map indicate the general area that a mine occupies. For an detailed map, refer to the overseeing BLM field office.

** The mine central point is based on an average of the mine's bounding box(es) and does not necessarily fall on the claim itself.

1 World-class significance is determined by total endowment of the contained commodity. This includes all past production and remaining reserves. Each commodity is considered separately and commodities cannot be combined to arrive at a significant size. The tonnage thresholds are from the mine model grade-tonnage studies. As of June 2008, many entries were classified as significant under less strict rules.

Mining Claim News From The Diggings™

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    Understanding Claim Ownership

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  3. Public Land Survey System map of the United States of America

    Understanding Location Data

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  4. Historic map of the Ohio Western Reserve

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